While contracts aren’t absent with REST, the arrangement is notably different. RPC relies on contractual negotiations in other words, the client-server relationship directly influences how communication occurs. Interactions are also defined differently between each approach. Execution in these implementations occurs synchronously. RPC, therefore, excels in applications where control alternates between both parties. Once that procedure is finished, the results are shipped back to the client. How about functional differences within the client-server model? Once a call is made in RPC, the calling environment is suspended while the process is handed over to the server and then executed. This layer sets the rules for data transmission. HTTP is considered an application layer protocol - not a transport layer protocol - and thus relies on user interactions to kick off-network activity. Meanwhile, REST uses HTTP to communicate over the network. UDP and TCP are transport-layer protocols because they’re designed within web frameworks. Developers can squeeze more performance from their RPC implementations by opting for UDP over TCP. Accordingly, RPC can work using either connection-oriented or connectionless protocols. RPC is an older approach to API design, and thus relies on UDP or TCP to work properly. Next, let’s look at communication protocols. Alternatively, REST is ideal for domain modeling and handling large quantities of data. RPC executes procedures and commands with ease. The most fundamental difference between RPC and REST is that RPC was designed for actions, while REST is resource-centric. The architecture is scalable, performant, portable, reliable, and relatively simple when used across a variety of tech stacks. Overall, REST brings numerous advantages to the table. REST can work fairly seamlessly with different hardware, while RPC doesn’t offer as seamless hardware architecture flexibility. A RESTful service does not share its own resources it only requests them or certain service functions. Like RPC, REST leverages the client-server model. Meanwhile, RPC-based APIs are largely limited to GET and POST. This is how REST APIs interact with databases and external services. REST APIs follow the conventional CRUD philosophy, meaning that requests interact with resources via GET, POST, PUT, or DELETE operations. It follows a structured approach and necessitates that developers clearly organize their resources using universal resource identifiers (URIs). As an alternative to predecessors like SOAP, the REST architecture has long been the go-to choice for API developers across the microservices industry. Representational State Transfer ( REST) is comparatively newer than RPC, having debuted in 2000. Additionally, another alternative called distributed remote procedure call (DRPC) recently arrived as a lightweight option. New features have included interoperability, HTTP/2 support, and Protocol Buffers support. Google developed gRPC to patch RPC’s weaknesses. One such variant is Google Remote Procedure Call (gRPC) - an open-source solution launched in 2015 - which arrived nearly 35 years after RPC’s conception. RPC has been a foundational technology for several successors over the years. IDLs are essential for powering this RPC communication between machines running different operating systems or those using different languages. RPC also relies on an intermediary, a communicative link called an interface definition language (IDL). Users can perform multiple procedural calls simultaneously thanks to multi-threading, even though these calls are synchronous. This is enabled via the client-server model, in which the client program requests a service from the provider program (the “server”). It’s a method that allows two services to communicate. Because of this, RPC can call processes via remote systems. RPC allows users to tap into services running within external networks - those services found within programs on other machines. Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a unique approach to computing since it’s geared towards running remote workloads as if they’re initiated locally. Read on to learn more about RPC and REST and why each has become integral to today’s cloud-based computing environments. However, they go about this in different ways. Since their inception, these approaches to web-based communications have transformed how services function. When designing web APIs and web protocols, various styles cater to different use cases.
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